Wednesday, March 27, 2019

Apple shares to rise 20% on valuable ecosystem and new products, Needham says

Apple was upgraded to strong buy from buy at Needham on Thursday, as the firm primarily sees Apple's ecosystem as having "value upside."

"We anticipate better than previously expected results from both Services and Wearables, Home and Accessories, as well as valuation upside created by falling churn and strong barriers to entry" for competitors, Needham analyst Laura Martin said in a note to investors.

Apple shares rose 0.7 percent in premarket trading. Needham also raised its price target on Apple to $225 from $180, a 20 percent increase from Wednesday's close of $188.16 a share.

Needham believes the company's new range of products will help drive the stock higher. Apple is expected to unveil a new streaming TV service at an event on March 25. As the owners of iPhones and iPads will, at least initially, have access to free original shows, Needham estimates Apple's streaming service will "drive higher lifetime value" for 900 million users of Apple's products, Martin said.

"Our 1Q19 proprietary survey tells us that, whether or not Wall Street believes AAPL is an ecosystem company, its users do," Martin said.

The technology giant unveiled new iPad Air, iPad Mini and AirPods products just this week. Additionally, reports suggest Apple will also soon unveil its long-awaited AirPower wireless charging pad.

show chapters Apple's new AirPods Apple announces new AirPods with wireless charging and voice control    21 Hours Ago | 01:00

Monday, March 25, 2019

Tax-Advantaged Investing Spurs Growth Funding Opportunities For Entrepreneurs

&l;span&g;The challenge for growth-stage companies is never ending. Even after you surmount the challenges of getting a company through concept, early stage and into revenue, the even bigger challenge that slows many great companies is the need to find sufficient and attractive funding for optimal growth. &l;/span&g;

&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;A great concept&a;mdash;Opportunity Zone Investing&a;mdash;has traditionally been strongest for Real Estate investments, where the chance to defer capital gains tax by holding a longer-term position in properties has caused investor interest and commitment to rise.&l;/span&g;

&l;a href=&q;https://blogs.forbes.com/davidkwilliams/files/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-18-at-11.57.37-AM.png&q; target=&q;_blank&q;&g;&l;img class=&q;size-medium wp-image-7934&q; src=&q;http://blogs-images.forbes.com/davidkwilliams/files/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-18-at-11.57.37-AM-300x188.jpg?width=960&q; alt=&q;&q; data-height=&q;188&q; data-width=&q;300&q;&g;&l;/a&g; Hall VP&s;s portfolio targets include companies such as Vanderhall, who&s;s Edison model ranked in the 2018 Top 10 Tech Cars

&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;But what many entrepreneurs (and investors) outside of RE are not yet aware of is that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 may sweeten your ability to get growth stage funding as well. Since that Act&a;rsquo;s inception, the U.S. Treasury has established 8,700 Opportunity Zones (OZs), covering portions of all 50 states. An analyst named Matt Grierson has done some &l;a href=&q;https://medium.com/realblocks-blog/what-i-discovered-about-opportunity-zones-from-analyzing-half-a-million-data-points-ecb6b4f53c5a&q; target=&q;_blank&q;&g;extensive analysis&l;/a&g;on the areas of the U.S. where OZs fare the best. I was delighted to learn about a month ago that Provo, UT is one of the top three on the list. &l;/span&g;

&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;One of the reasons for this is the location of Hall Labs and the Hall Family Office. This innovation lab and incubator is headed by Managing Director Michael Hall, an innovation leader who is carrying forward the 64-year legacy of his father, Managing Director David R. Hall, a serial entrepreneur and inventor who holds more than 450 patents (with 400 more in process). &l;/span&g;

&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;Hall Labs and the Hall Family Office have incubated and funded dozens of companies within the incubator and its surrounding ecosystem, resulting in exits of more than $450 million and an average return on investment of 2.5X so far.&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;Out of this has emerged the new Hall Venture Partners (HVP) and its first tax-advantaged fund, Hall Opportunity Fund 1, which has formally opened for business in an announcement last week. &l;/span&g;

&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;The new fund includes David Hall as a managing partner, joined by Derek Weber, an individual I have gotten to know well within the Silicon Slopes region. Weber &l;/span&g;&l;span&g;has held leadership roles with General&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;#8239;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;Electric, The Carlyle Group and&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;#8239;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;Saxon Weber Group and, participating in more&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;#8239;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;than $6B of transactions across public and&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;#8239;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;private markets.&a;#8239;Like me, he has founded&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;#8239;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;and advised several&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;#8239;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;technology companies. As a fun side note, he has served as a U.S. CEO Trade Delegate&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;#8239;under Secretary of&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;#8239;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;Commerce Wilbur Ross since 2017.&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;

&l;span&g;Additionally, the fund&a;rsquo;s partners include David Kunz, a&l;/span&g;n experienced&a;#8239;investor, who&a;rsquo;s held senior leadership positions in multiple prior organizations. He&a;rsquo;s led the generation of more than $125M in&a;#8239;revenue and raised more than&a;#8239;$80M in equity capital.

Of particular interest to the Opportunity Zone conversation is the fourth managing partner, Matt VanDyck. Matt is a CPA with experience&a;#8239;in fund-raising, tax strategy, &a;#8239;M&a;amp;A, and the growth of early&a;#8239;stage&a;#8239;companies (and the prior CFO for Hall Labs) who is rising quickly as a voice of authority on Opportunity Zone Investing outside of RE.

&l;span&g;Collectively, the team has announced the opening of Hall&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;Opportunity Fund 1&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;to invest in&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;early growth companies&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;based in Utah, with an eye towards the particular advantages of the OZ rules and the benefits the newest tax rules provide to investors.&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;The newest tax legislation (as of this posting in March, 2019) &l;/span&g;&l;span&g;allows&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;deferral of capital gains,&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;original gain reductions&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;of&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;10-15%,&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;and&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;permanent deferrals&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;on any gains realized within&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;a qualified fund.&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;

&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;In this case the opportunity is extra compelling in that the Hall Labs and Family program has spent the prior 64 years honing its strengths in the areas that will allow investors to choose from ideally-positioned portfolio targets for meeting the strict requirements for OZ benefits.&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;The team is quick to note that the OZ potential is far from the only reason for investors to give their program and the Provo, Utah region a serious look.&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;For the fund they are bringing forward potential portfolio candidates that meet a high set of criteria: &l;/span&g;

&l;ul&g;&l;li&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;Annual revenue of more than $1M&l;/li&g; &l;li&g;&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;A commercial product &l;/span&g;&l;/li&g; &l;li&g;&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;High value Intellectual Property&l;/span&g;&l;/li&g; &l;li&g;&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;Market acceptance&l;/span&g;&l;/li&g; &l;li&g;&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;A ready and dedicated team&l;/span&g;&l;/li&g; &l;li&g;&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;A dedicated location within the OZ designated space&l;/span&g;&l;/li&g; &l;li&g;&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;A 2-5 window for exit&l;/span&g;&l;/li&g; &l;/ul&g;&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;The target companies are fun ones, such as the three-wheel specialty vehicle manufacturer Vanderhall, whose speedster models look like a space rocket, and is incredibly fun to drive. IoT is the priority for Medic.Life, and SmarterHome.xyz. The HVP team is quick to note that &l;/span&g;&l;span&g;the opportunity zone&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;potential for investors is coming forward as a new and added&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;avenue&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;for potential returns, but far from the core of the equation for propelling growth companies.&l;/span&g;

What this means for founders is the presence of more interest and more investment than existed before as the full benefits of OZ investing are known. This is a great opportunity for everyone currently looking to obtain growth capital from a venture fund. Check the area where you are located (or plan to locate) carefully for the potential of meeting the criteria for an Opportunity Zone fund.

For investors, the new opportunities are extremely attractive although they also come with a note of caution. For anyone wanting to participate in an OZ investment it is vital to proceed with &l;span&g;education and care. In all, however, and regardless of the U.S. location, the new OZ rules are looking to be a tremendous new horizon for communities, for investors and for the U.S. and world economy at large.&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;

&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;

&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;

&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;

&l;span&g;&l;strong&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/strong&g;&l;/span&g;

&l;span&g;&l;strong&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/strong&g;&l;/span&g;

&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;

Thursday, March 21, 2019

These 3 Indicators Point to a Possible Stock Market Crash in 2019

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Now that stocks have turned around in 2019, investors are becoming complacent about the dangers lurking in the market again. To help you prepare, we're going to outline three indicators pointing to a possible stock market crash in 2019.

Investors love a bull market, but the stock market can be most vulnerable to a crash when everyone agrees that things are going well. After the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) spike above 36 points in December, it's plunged to just 13.4 this week, its lowest point of the year.

It's clear investors are expecting smooth sailing now that the December correction is over.

But the next bear market could start in an instant.

This is precisely what happened after the dot-com bubble burst in 2000 and after the financial and housing bubble popped in 2007.

In short, just because investors are optimistic again doesn't mean a stock market crash won't happen. That's why we want to help you prepare by looking at three indicators that show a market crash is on the horizon.

When there is evidence that one or more of these are present, it's probably time to take a more conservative approach to investing and prepare your portfolio.

And these indicators are closer to flashing a market crash warning sign than you might think…

Markets Are Cyclical

The stock market has a natural ebb and flow if you know how to trace this through its regular periods.

If you consider the annual market cycle, this rings true where certain parts of the year are generally strong and others are weak. There is a common saying in the stock market, "sell in May and go away." On average, the winter months in the stock market outperform the summer months, so the maxim tells investors to ignore the market during the weakest months.

YOU KNOW IT IN YOUR GUT: Look at how things are going. Financial turmoil is coming just around the corner, maybe just a few months away. Click here…

There is also the four-year, or presidential, cycle. Yale Hirsch developed this theory, which states that the stock markets are at their weakest in the year just after a new U.S. president is elected. After that first year, the markets improve, and the cycle begins again with the next presidential election.

The third and fourth years are generally the strongest, where an administration tries to strengthen the economy to win the White House again.

While this is just an average cycle, some things can disrupt the pattern. These include political and economic events that can't be foreseen or controlled. In fact, we may already be seeing some signs of this as gross domestic product weakens.

What this means is that markets follow predictable patterns, and the biggest pattern of all is the bull and bear cycle. While stocks have risen to reach all-time highs, it hasn't been a steady ride to the top. Markets tumble into bear market cycles, losing 20% to 50% to 90% of their value before beginning to climb higher again.

If you're young, you can ride out the cycles. But if you're nearing retirement or will need your investments to earn you money, a market crash could wipe out your financial future.

And this has been the longest bull market ever. While we don't know when it will end, every bull market has ended at some point. It may not end in a full-blown stock market crash, but stocks will at least tumble 20% from their highs.

That's why investors can't afford to be complacent, as every day this bull market rages on extends its record. The cycle will hit at some point.

And one way to tell when the cycle is ending is to look at mergers…

Mergers Accelerate Before a Bear Market

Companies love a bull market. Not only are they turning higher profits, but their share prices are also moving up, which benefits their shareholders. While all of this is happening, businesses look for different ways to expand and grow. Since many have inflated share values, they use this as leverage to buy their suppliers or competitors.

Merger and acquisition activity begins to accelerate, and many companies find that they are willing to pay higher prices and take on more risk to achieve their goals. This is similar to individual investors chasing Bitcoin to its peak in 2018. Everyone knows how that played out.

The same scenario holds in the stock market when a company chases riskier and riskier deals.

The data reveals that merger activity globally showed a marked spike at the beginning of 2018. There is generally a lag between the peak in M&A activity and the peak in the stock market, so this indicator is telling investors to keep a close eye on these developments.

Unfortunately, the precise timing of this isn't very well defined. What it does do is provide a reminder that a higher volume of deals is not going to be an indicator of a perpetually growing market.

Just the opposite. It could mean that a 2019 stock market crash is on the horizon.

That's why investors are caught off guard.

Investors Remain Optimistic Until the End

Join the conversation. Click here to jump to comments…

Tuesday, March 19, 2019

Stocks making the biggest moves premarket: Deutsche Bank, Boeing, Amazon, Apple & more

Check out the companies making headlines before the bell:

Deutsche Bank — Deutsche Bank and rival German bank Commerzbank confirmed that they are in merger talks, although both said a deal was not assured.

Caesars Entertainment — Caesars and Eldorado Resorts are in the early stages of exploring a merger, according to Reuters. Investor Carl Icahn has been pushing Caesars to explore a sale after taking a stake in the casino operator and putting three nominees on the board of directors.

Boeing — The Department of Transportation and federal prosecutors are scrutinizing the development of Boeing's 737 MAX jets, according to The Wall Street Journal. The 737 MAX 8 was involved in last week's Ethiopian Airlines crash as well as a Lion Air crash in Indonesia a few months ago.

Worldpay — Worldpay is being bought by financial services technology company Fidelity National Financial (FIS) in a cash and stock deal worth $35 billion, excluding assumed debt. Shareholders in the e-commerce payments company will get $11 in cash and a little more than nine tenths of an FIS share for each Worldpay share.

Amazon.com — Financial incentives for Amazon's planned headquarter in northern Virginia won approval from local officials, despite vocal opposition from some residents and labor groups.

PG&E — The utility company is close to naming a new CEO and a board overhaul, according to The Wall Street Journal. The paper said retiring Tennessee Valley Authority head Bill Johnson is the likely CEO choice.

Edwards Lifesciences — Edwards and Medtronic both saw positive results in studies involving rival non-invasive heart valve replacement systems. The study results were presented over the weekend.

Marriott — The hotel operator announced a three-year growth plan that it will discuss at an investor meeting today in New York. The plan involves opening more than 1,700 hotels around the world and adding up to 295,000 rooms by 2021.

Qudian — The China-based provider of consumer credit products posted a mixed quarter, reporting better-than-expected bottom line results but revenue that fell short of analysts' forecasts.

Apple — The Apple Watch helped detect a heart rhythm disorder in some users but showed false positives in other cases, according to a new study presented at the American College of Cardiology conference.

Kroger — A group of retailers led by the supermarket operator settled a dispute with tuna maker Starkist, following that company's admission that it conspired with others to raise the price of canned tuna. Financial terms were not disclosed. Starkist had previously reached similar settlements with Target and Walmart.

Wells Fargo — Wells Fargo is close to selling its retirement plan services business to Principal Financial Group for more than $1 billion, according to a Reuters report.

Southwest Airlines — The airline has reached a tentative labor deal with its mechanics, after the two sides were without a contract since 2012. If approved, the pact would give mechanics a 20 percent raise.

Aramark — Aramark was downgraded to "neutral" from "buy" at Nomura/Instinet, which points to the food services company's inability to win new business.

Okta — Okta was upgraded to "buy" from "neutral" at Goldman Sachs, which notes the stock's upside potential based on the growing importance of identity management tools in the workplace.

Monday, March 18, 2019

PDL BioPharma Inc. (PDLI) Q4 2018 Earnings Conference Call Transcript

Logo of jester cap with thought bubble.

Image source: The Motley Fool.

PDL BioPharma Inc. (NASDAQ:PDLI)Q4 2018 Earnings Conference CallMarch 14, 2019, 4:30 p.m. ET

Contents: Prepared Remarks Questions and Answers Call Participants Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Welcome to the PDL BioPharma Quarterly Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Following management's prepared remarks, we'll hold a Q&A session. (Operator Instructions) As a reminder, this conference is being recorded March 14, 2019.

I would now like to turn the conference over to Jody Cain. Please go ahead, ma'am.

Jody Cain -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations

This is Jody Cain with LHA. Thank you all for participating in today's call. Please note that a slide presentation to accompany management's prepared remarks is available on the Investor Relations section of the PDL website at pdl.com. Joining me today from PDL BioPharma are Dominique Monnet, President and CEO; and Pete Garcia, the Company's Chief Financial Officer.

Please turn to Slide 2, and let me remind you that during this call, management will be making forward-looking statements regarding the Company's financial performance and other matters, and actual results may differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause differences between current expectations and actual results are described in the Company's SEC filings, which are available at sec.gov and in the Investor Relations section of PDL.com. The forward-looking statements made during this call should be considered accurate only as of the date of the live broadcast, March 14, 2019. Although the Company may elect to update forward-looking statements from time-to-time in the future, the Company specifically disclaims any duty or obligation to do so, even as new information becomes available or other events occur in the future.

I'll now turn the call over to Dominique Monnet. Dominique?

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Jody. I'm pleased to be addressing everyone on my first call as CEO of PDL. I would like to take this opportunity to thank John McLaughlin, our departing CEO, for his leadership at PDL for a critical 10-year period for the Company. I am delighted that John will continue to serve on our Board of Directors. The whole PDL team wishes him all the best in his well-deserved retirement, which knowing, John will remain very active.

Let me turn to business and review briefly our financial highlights on Slide 3. We are reporting revenues of $45 million for the fourth quarter 2018 with product sales of $26 million. Noden products accounted for $19 million of product revenues and LENSAR Laser Systems made up the remaining $7 million. Product revenues in the fourth quarter of 2018 accounted for 58% of total revenues, up from 48% of total revenues in the fourth quarter of 2017. GAAP net income for the quarter was $16 million, or $0.11 per fully diluted share.

For the full year 2018, revenues were $198 million and included product revenues of $105 million, $81 million from Noden products and $24 million from LENSAR. GAAP net loss for 2018 was $69 million with non-GAAP net income of $57 million. We ended the year with approximately $395 million of cash on our balance sheet. Pete Garcia will provide additional details on our financials in a few minutes.

Please turn to Slide 4. During the fourth quarter, in preparation for the transition of the CEO responsibilities, we engaged our Board of Directors to refine our strategy for shareholder value creation. Our strategic focus remains to build through acquisitions, partnership, or licensing transaction, a portfolio carefully selected, actively managed biopharma companies. We will add value by deploying our capital and expertise to nurture these assets and maximize their potential. This strategy will enable us to grow product revenues and ultimately profit from operations. For clarity, biopharma, in these presentations, refers to both prescription biologics and pharmaceutical products.

We have revised our business development focus and we agreed to target commercial stage assets with multi-year sales growth potential as well as biopharma products that are in late stage clinical development. This opens PDL to a range of opportunities that meet our criteria of generating profitable revenue growth, delivering attractive risk-reward returns on our invested capital, and leveraging our expertise in the biopharma space.

Our primary goal is to build growing and profitable revenue streams from the portfolio of operating company cash flows and at the right conditions, we may capture further market value from these assets through optimally timed exit strategies, which contains a form of a sale or spin-off or an IPO. Our strategy does not include making further passive investments in the form of royalty or debt financing unless they are part of an M&A transaction.

We are committed to this strategy as our primary means of growing our share price and creating value for shareholders. We continue to evaluate a steady flow of potential transactions against our strict investment criteria. We remain highly disciplined in our selection of target opportunities and we are deliberate in our diligence process. We have the necessary resources to succeed with this strategy. Our high-quality team at PDL has an established track record of consummating successful transaction and delivering shareholder value through rigorous strategic planning and operational execution. Each member of PDL's executive team brings 20 to 35 years of relevant biopharma experience.

We have a strong liquid balance sheet that allows for the quick deployment of funds to secure transaction. We can act quickly and decisively. Finally, we may be flexible with regard to deal structures, including acquisitions, licensing or various forms of partnerships. In addition to our capital, our experience, nimbleness, flexibility, and speed are all important competitive factors that have enabled us to be very credible in the transactions we have been pursuing.

Turning to Slide 5, what do we have to offer to the other parties through the transaction? First, the assurance that their vision for their products and technology will be securely funded. For late development stage asset, which means high quality Phase III program that we support competitive labels and compelling payer value propositions. For launch of commercial stage assets, it means the necessary operational investment to maximize revenue potential and growth.

Second, we had extensive experience in commercializing product across a wide range of the criteria in the biotech and pharma spaces, in the US as well as internationally. We didn't have an existing commercial infrastructure and wish to (inaudible) individual products that we seek to acquire to license the rights. We see our ability to build commercial structure, specifically designed and dedicated to these products at least during the launch stages as a transactional advantage. Finally, as much as we are seeking assets with potential, we could expand our growth, we could accelerate, we are also looking for talent. We would prefer to build on a talented team than having to establish a commercial organization from scratch. But we certainly know how to do the latter, if required.

Now turning to an update on Noden Pharma on Slide 6. We announced in mid-2018 that Anchen Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of Par Pharmaceutical developed a generic formulation of aliskiren and we have reached a settlement with Paragraph IV filing, thereby Anchen agreed to delay the launch of its generic of Tekturna until March 2019. Aliskiren is both expensive and difficult to manufacture and we believe that Anchen's product is a sole third-party generic competitor that Tekturna will face. As far as we know, the FDA has not yet approved Anchen's ANDA, but we anticipate they will shortly.

As a result of these early generic competition, Noden's focus is no longer to grow Tekturna, but to maximize net operating income from the product's commercialization. In the US, it resulted in three actions; the discontinuation of Noden's US contract sales force of 60 sales representatives last August that resulted in expense savings of $3.5 million to $4 million per quarter; transitioning to a program of non-personnel promotion in partnership with Archer Healthcare which has proven to be quite cost effective; finally, the launch last week of our authorized generic of Tekturna of 150 milligram and 300 milligram tablets in partnership with Prasco Laboratories, the industry leader in the commercialization of AGs. So, launch of our AG of Tekturna was timed to secure us the benefit of being first to market. We believe this provides Noden and Prasco with a distinctive competitive advantage.

Let me note that the launch does not include an authorized generic version of Tekturna HCT. In conjunction with the resolution of our litigation with Par and Anchen, Par agreed that it would not launch its generic version of aliskiren hydrochlorothiazide until the expiration of Noden's patents in 2028. Tekturna HCT accounts for 21% of the sales of the Tekturna franchise in 2018. I am pleased to report that the new prescription trend for Tekturna, this graph you see on the right of that slide, has remained fairly stable since the discontinuation of our sales force last August. As a result of our repositioning of Tekturna as third line option for patients who do not tolerate ACE inhibitors or ARBs, physicians appear to have found a clear place for it in their step treatment of hypertension.

We anticipate revenues may decline slowly, but we are confident that the savings realized in sales and marketing as well as Prasco's first-in market position will continue to deliver positive net cash flows from Tekturna operations. Together with Prasco, we look forward to continuing to serve the needs of US patients who depend on Tekturna to control their blood pressure.

Noden will continue to manufacture and commercialize prescription aliskiren product under the Tekturna and Tekturna HCT brands in the US and the Rasilez and Rasilez HCT brands in international markets. Ex-US net income from the sales of the regulated products have met or exceeded our expectation in 2018 and we are looking forward to the imminent launch in China through our partners Lee's Pharma Holding. For the quarter, Noden was again profitable on GAAP basis with net income of $10.5 million.

Turning to LENSAR on Slide 7, we are very pleased with the continued quarterly progress at LENSAR. You may recall, we began recognizing revenues from LENSAR in May of 2017. For the fourth quarter of 2018, LENSAR revenues of $7.2 million increased 8% over the third quarter. LENSAR reported a GAAP net loss of $1.7 million and a positive EBITDA of $200,000 for the quarter. As part of our investment in LENSAR, we were also able to utilize net operating losses which resulted in cash tax savings of $2.8 million in 2018. LENSAR is an exciting company led by an experienced and driven team with innovative technologies and exciting growth opportunities. We have helped to get it back on its feet and we may consider an exit if and when we believe that it would enable us to maximize its value for our shareholders. You may learn more about LENSAR on its informative website, LENSAR.com.

Our strong balance sheet afford us opportunity beyond strategic acquisitions for increasing shareholder value. Among these is the ability to pay down debt, which we did in the first quarter of 2018 by retiring $126 million of principal from our 4% convertible senior notes due 2018. We also have taken advantage of our undervalued stock price to continue repurchasing shares of PDL common stock in the open market.

On Slide 8 is a review of our stock repurchase program. We completed two share repurchase program between 2017 and mid-2018 for a total of $55 million at an average price of $2.49 per share. Last September, our Board authorized a $100 million share repurchase program. We have executed on this program repurchasing 8.7 million share of common stock in the open market during the fourth quarter at an average price of $2.94 per share or $25.5 million. Year-to-date, as of March 13, 2019, we have deployed $35.5 million to repurchase $10.7 million shares for total repurchases of $61 million, or 19.4 million shares at an average price of $3.15 per share, since instituting this latest repurchase program. We have used the stock repurchase program as an appropriate means of creating shareholder value given the current discrepancy between our share price and our book value.

As you can see on Slide 9, our book value stands at $5.70 per share based upon our Q4 financial results, an increase of $0.63 from last quarter as we've reduced our shares outstanding through our stock repurchase program. And while our stock prices increased nicely, more than 40% since our Q3 2018 reported financials in November, we still have ways to go to close the valuation gap. We have not lost sight of our strategic focus on creating long-term shareholder value with the execution of our BD and M&A strategy. Even with the execution of the $100 million stock repurchase program, we have substantial cash on hand to execute on our business strategy. We expect that cash flow generated by our current business will be in excess of our personal needs, thereby providing additional cash to invest in our future.

At this point, I'll turn the call over to Pete to give additional details on our financial results for the quarter and year. Pete?

Peter Garcia -- Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Dominique. Please turn to our income statement on Slide number 10. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, our GAAP net income was $16.3 million, or $0.11 per diluted share. Total revenues were $45.1 million for the period and consisted primarily of product revenues of $26 million and net royalty payments from acquired royalty rights and a change in fair value of the royalty rights assets of $19.1 million.

Our total revenues of $45.1 million for the fourth quarter of 2018 compared with $68 million for the fourth quarter of 2017. The decrease reflects lower sales of Noden products in the US, in Q4, and a decrease in the fair value of royalty rights from Assertio, as, in 2017, it included some one-time gains and an increase in the fair value associated with Bausch Health adding an authorized generic of Glumetza. Additional decreases include the decline in royalties from the Queen et al. patents and no interest revenue from the CareView note in the 2018 fourth quarter. We modified the loan agreement with CareView by deferring interest payments. However, they're difficult financial situation and our valuation of their business led to an impairment charge that I will detail later in my discussion of operating expenses.

Product revenues for the fourth quarter of 2018 decreased 20% to $26 million from the prior year period and consisted of $18.8 million from Noden product sales and $7.2 million from LENSAR revenues. Revenue from the change in fair value of royalty rights were $19.1 million for Q4 of 2018, compared with $30.1 million for the prior year period. The decrease was primarily related to higher royalties in 2017, as a result of the launch of an authorized generic for Glumetza in February of 2017. We received $20.9 million in net cash royalties for the fourth quarter of 2018.

As expected, royalties from the Queen et al. patents for Tysabri were minimal in the quarter. This compares with $4.5 million in Queen et al. patent royalties in the fourth quarter of 2017. This brings a close to the Queen et al. patent royalties, as we do not expect to report any meaningful Tysabri royalty revenue in 2019. Interest revenue for the fourth quarter of 2018 was $83,000, compared with $776,000 for the fourth quarter of 2017, with the decrease due to CareView not making interest payments on their note receivable in the fourth quarter.

Turning to operating expenses for the fourth quarter of 2018, total operating expenses were $11.6 million, compared with $38.2 million for the prior year period. As a result of the imminent launch of generic aliskiren and our decision to launch an authorized generic of Tekturna, we were required to evaluate the Noden asset for impairment. Our analysis resulted in no additional impairment being recorded in Q4. However, given the extreme likelihood of a third-party generic launch in 2019, we eliminated our contingent liabilities related to future milestone payments to Novartis for Tekturna and recorded a credit of expenses of $19.2 million.

Additional variances, which resulted in lower expenses included lower cost of product revenue of $6.5 million and lower sales and marketing expenses of $2.8 million for the fourth quarter of 2018, compared with $6.5 million for the prior year period with the decrease largely related to the change in commercialization strategy of the Noden products from a direct sales force model to a more cost-efficient non-personnel promotion program. Offsetting these reductions was an $8.2 million impairment loss related to the reassessed value of our note receivable from CareView Communications. Additionally, I will point out our higher tax expense for the quarter, which is a result of an $11.4 million non-cash valuation allowance taken against the Noden deferred tax asset, as we determine that the NOLs that are carried on Noden's books may not be realizable in the near future.

Turning to full year 2018 results on the same slide, total revenues were $20.8 million -- were $198.1 million, which compares with $320.1 million for 2017, as we continued to shift away from relying on our royalty assets or revenue. Product revenues were $105.4 million, a 25% increase from $84.1 million for 2017. Product revenues in 2018 consisted of $80.7 million from the sale of Noden products and $24.7 million from the product revenues of the LENSAR Laser System.

The change in fair value of the royalty rights assets was $85.3 million for 2018, which compares with $162.3 million for 2017 with the reduction as a result of one-time royalty payments on Glumetza in 2017, and a substantial increase in the fair value in 2017 related to additional future cash flows coming from the Glumetza authorized generic. In 2018, PDL received $78 million in net cash royalties, which was on the high-end of our guidance. Our Queen et al. patent royalties decreased by $31.9 million to $4.5 million as a result of our royalties for Tysabri coming to an end and interest revenue decreased by $15.4 million, as a result of no interest revenue in 2018 from the kaleo asset, which was sold in late 2017.

Operating expenses for 2018 were $248.7 million, compared with $126.3 million for 2017, a $122.4 million increase. The increase primarily resulted from the impairment of the Noden Products intangible asset of $152.3 million we announced in Q2 of 2018, and additional cost of product revenues of Noden Products of $16.6 million and LENSAR of $1.4 million, and the $8.2 million impairment loss on our note receivable from CareView, partially offset by the reduction and elimination in the Novartis contingent liability of $41.6 million. Our GAAP net loss for 2018 was $68.9 million, or a loss of $0.47 per share. The full year net loss was primarily a result of a non-cash accounting charge related to the impairment of intangible asset from Noden, due to the expected launch of a generic version of aliskiren in the US, offset by the decrease in the contingent liability.

Turning to our non-GAAP financial results on Slide 11, we adjusted our Q4 2018 GAAP net income of $16.3 million for the mark-to-market changes in fair value, amortization of intangible assets, contingent considerations, and other non-cash items such as stock-based compensation expense and debt offering costs. This resulted in a non-GAAP net income of $15.1 million for the fourth quarter of 2018, which compares with $24.8 million for the prior year period. We adjusted our 2018 GAAP net loss of $68.9 million with the same items as of fourth quarter, plus the impairment of the intangible assets. This resulted in a non-GAAP net income for 2018 of $56.7 million, which compares with non-GAAP net income for 2017 of $100.7 million.

Turning to our balance sheet on Slide 12, we had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of $394.6 million as of December 31, 2018. This includes the positive cash flow from operations and royalties, offset by $49.1 million related to our stock repurchase programs last year. With regard to future guidance, given the recent launch of the authorized generic of Tekturna, and likely competition from a third-party generic, we're not in a position to give guidance on product sales for 2019. However, similarly to 2018, when we gave guidance of $70 million to $80 million in cash royalties, based upon our current asset values and royalty forecasts, we expect between $55 million to $65 million in cash royalties for 2019.

With that financial overview, we're ready to open up the call for questions. Operator?

Questions and Answers:

Operator

(Operator Instructions)

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

While we are waiting for our first question, I'd like to mention that Pete Garcia will be attending the Roth Conference being held in Dana Point, California next week. Pete will participate on the panel entitled Searching for Deep Value in Pharma on March 19, and he will be holding one-on-one meetings with investors during the conference. The panel will be webcast and we will post an updated corporate presentation on our website next week. Okay, operator, we are ready for the first question.

Operator

Our first question is from Phil Nadeau with Cowen and Company.

Philip Nadeau -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Good afternoon, and thanks for taking my questions. First one, on your prepared remarks, you said you'd be interested in looking at products from the late development stage right through commercialization. Can you characterize late development stage a bit more? Would that be Phase II, Phase III and how early in clinical development would you be willing to go?

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

And that's a very good question. At this point, we probably will be looking at product which would be getting close to end of Phase II, preferably even maybe getting into the Phase III program. What we like is to get engaged before the Phase III gets fully shaped. I mean, as you know, this is a critical time to shape the label of a product and ultimately what we will be launching for. So from my experience being able to engage at this end of Phase II portal is very critical. This being said, we have been approached for products which are already well into Phase III. And when we think that the team has done a good job in shaping those Phase III programs, we would be willing to enter either later -- even later stage than that. So essentially at the preparation of the regulatory filing and even preparation of the launch.

Philip Nadeau -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Great.

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

So, it's actually, we would not -- at this point, we are going to hesitate to get engaged before end of Phase II. This may change in the future, but for the next couple of years, that's where we are.

Philip Nadeau -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Got it. Okay. That's logical and just as a follow-up to that. Can you remind us what the status of your clinical organization is? How many people do you have currently in clinical development in terms of personnel?

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

That's a very easy answer to your question. To answer, we have zero experts on the clinical side and for one good reason. I mean it's, we are exploring a number of opportunities. They are all in very different fields. And we have built a network and then we continue to expand it and then call on to it of experts we could call on to whenever we evaluate a strategy. I would -- this is something that we may build more on the advisory side. I think again, being an expert on board, who may -- I mean, on the scientific side unless you really get an extraordinary person and there are quite a few out there. It's a place where you're better off calling for the right experts for the right assets. These, of course, if we were to engage in more development stage assets, we may very well revisit that, but then by that time we would know in which field we tend to operate more specifically.

Philip Nadeau -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Got it. Okay. And one last question for me. In your press release announcing the authorized generic of aliskiren, I think, you suggested in there that there wasn't any visibility on the time of an actual generic launch. In your prepared remarks this afternoon you suggested one was coming very soon. Has something changed to give you visibility over the last couple of weeks on when that generic could launch, or by very soon do just mean at some point in the near future without -- with still no visibility on exactly when that could be?

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Now you're putting your finger on a good point. We do not have 2020 visibility. Clearly, we're getting intelligence, in particular from our partner Prasco, which is a field where people really get some pretty good information from customers and others including suppliers. So there are two things which really are making us believe that the launch is imminent, is first. We have passed this March 1 date by which Anchen's could not launch. So now they could launch anytime. And although they do not have a launch, as far as we know they are ANDA-approved. There is usually two or three days between the approval of an ANDA and the time of launch. So for all practical purposes, they may actually be ready to launch as we speak. So the short answer to your question would be, we do not have very precise information that we have a number of pieces of intelligence which make us believe that that launch is going to be soon.

Philip Nadeau -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

I get it. So your checks in the channel suggests that there's something...

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. And again this is -- we will see how credible or how accurate these signals are. We felt that they were converging sufficiently that we are planning now. This is why we launched our authorized generic because we believe that their launch is going to be imminent and we wanted to make sure we would be first to market.

Philip Nadeau -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Perfect. That's very helpful. Thanks for taking my questions.

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

(Operator Instructions) Our next question is from Max Jacobs with Edison Group.

Maxim Jacobs -- Edison Group -- Analyst

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my question. I was just wondering if you could provide any additional color on just where you are in the acquisition process for additional assets. Just are you kind of at the term sheet stage and just how many -- give us a sense of how many products might be at play and whether they are -- are they all kind of end of Phase II assets, or is it a mix between things that are commercial or near commercial and development stage?

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Good question, Max. I think, first, I can't speak specifically as you can imagine. Also, by experience, we have gone over just in the last 12 months more than once in very advanced stage of negotiation only to move away, because we could not get comfortable with some diligence questions and this could always happen. We always have more than a couple of assets we look very carefully at and are engaged very actively with other parties about. And the profile of these assets tend to be at this stage more products which are either pending registrations and preparing for launch or products which really are basically in the launch phase. But pretty much if we think, it's in that kind of a stage where the product has been pretty well shaped, the data are coming or available. And we still would have an opportunity to assist with their regulatory approval, but most importantly, we would be focusing very quickly on enabling the launch or just engineering the launch.

Maxim Jacobs -- Edison Group -- Analyst

Okay, great. That's very helpful. And then just on the -- are there any additional metrics that you could share on the Archer Healthcare commercializing Tekturna beyond the prescription?

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

I could give you a number of metrics, like on the number of physicians that we are calling about. We used to call on around 11,000. We are reducing this now with the launch of the authorized generic. We may reduce this even further. So we are reconsidering that effort. We have been very pleased with that collaboration and frankly we have learned quite a bit from it, including myself, and never really used exclusively non-personnel promotion. I always used it in the past as support to personnel promotion. And what was quite satisfying is to see that following the very nice work that the Noden reps made in getting the physicians to understand the right place for Tekturna, then we could follow that and sustain that with non-personnel promotion for a period of time. So it has been a successful experience. And the other metrics we have are just essentially, frankly a lot of things to just kind of get a sense of execution and Archer is executing very nicely.

Maxim Jacobs -- Edison Group -- Analyst

Okay, great. And am I right to kind of read into your remarks that you might kind of reduce the Archer Healthcare, like kind of their involvement?

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

This is under consideration. We, basically at this point, as we mentioned, we are going to be -- the Noden team is going to be managing Tekturna for profitability or profit maximization at this point. There could be a rationale for continuing to support the brand because ultimately physicians still prescribe. And even if it goes to the authorized generic, the economics would still be very favorable for us. But we have not made final decisions yet on any of that. We are just looking at line by line again to maximize profit at this point and it's an exercise in process.

Maxim Jacobs -- Edison Group -- Analyst

Okay, wonderful. That was very helpful. And then just want to know, is there any update on the launch for Rasilez in China?

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes, I was there just a couple of weeks ago with Alan Markey, the CEO of Noden, and we had great discussions. I think this is imminent. Based on what we saw last time, and I think on time of the launch, you always have some last minute delays, but essentially that we're looking at either launch by the end of March. Now, this is the latest information that we have from there. We had announced -- we have planned for it in the first half. So right now, they seem to be very well on track and maybe even a little earlier than we anticipated, so on the earlier end of the spectrum.

Maxim Jacobs -- Edison Group -- Analyst

Great. And then just last question is just on CareView. So the principal and interest payments have been delayed a couple of times. So what are the prospects for additional delays?

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Pete, your view.

Peter Garcia -- Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. Hi, Max. This is Pete. So we are still working through with them, that issue. I would say, I wouldn't anticipate them making any interest payments in the near future for the next few quarters. But we will have to revisit that. At this point in time, it's considered impaired asset. So every quarter we will also look at it for potentially additional impairment writedown at this point.

Maxim Jacobs -- Edison Group -- Analyst

Okay. Okay, great. Thanks a lot for taking my questions.

Peter Garcia -- Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thank you.

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

(Operator Instructions) And your next question is from James Lieberman with Revere Securities.

James Lieberman -- Revere Securities -- Analyst

Yes, hello.

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Hi, James.

Peter Garcia -- Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Hello, James.

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

It looks like he might have dropped off, operator.

Operator

And James your line is open now.

James Lieberman -- Revere Securities -- Analyst

Oh, thank you. Okay, I guess, I'm open now. Can you comment on the filtration module? I don't know if you had commented much about that. It looks like it could in fact be a major groundbreaking technology?

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

I'm sorry James, could you repeat your question again, we didn't hear it well?

James Lieberman -- Revere Securities -- Analyst

I'm sorry, thank you. And perhaps you've already covered this. But I wonder, if you could comment on the filtration module. I think there was something that was mentioned in January. It looked like it could be a major breakthrough technology. I wonder what the past two market would be for that?

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

No, I think, James, maybe we wanted to follow up on the separate call, because I'll be very candid, I'm not sure what you're referring to. So -- but maybe I am just not answering your question -- not understanding your question. So please feel free to follow-up with us, and I think we can go into details.

James Lieberman -- Revere Securities -- Analyst

I saw a news release on January 10, but perhaps that was inaccurate. So, I will follow up. Thank you very much.

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, James.

Operator

There are no further questions at this time. Mr. Dominique Monnet, please proceed with your presentation or any closing remarks.

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Well, thank you very much to all who participated today. Once again, we look forward to updating you on our progress when PDL reports first quarter 2019 results in early May. In the meantime, thanks again, and we wish you a wonderful end of your day.

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes your conference call for today. We thank you for your participation, and ask that you disconnect your lines.

Duration: 39 minutes

Call participants:

Jody Cain -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations

Dominique Monnet -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Peter Garcia -- Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Philip Nadeau -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Maxim Jacobs -- Edison Group -- Analyst

James Lieberman -- Revere Securities -- Analyst

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Friday, March 15, 2019

Eclipse Resources Corp (ECR) Q4 2018 Earnings Conference Call Transcript

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Eclipse Resources Corp  (NYSE:ECR)Q4 2018 Earnings Conference CallMarch 13, 2019, 10:00 a.m. ET

Contents: Prepared Remarks Questions and Answers Call Participants Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, good day and welcome to Montage Resources Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2018 Earnings Conference Call.

I would now like to turn the conference over to your host, Douglas Kris, Head of Investor Relations. Thank you. You may begin.

Douglas Kris -- Head of Investor Relations

Good morning and thank you for joining us for Montage Resources fourth quarter and full year 2018 earnings conference call. With me today are John Reinhart, President and Chief Executive Officer; Oleg Tolmachev, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer; Michael Hodges, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; and Mathew Rucker, Executive Vice President, Planning and Development.

If you have not received a copy of last night's press release regarding our fourth quarter and full year 2018 financial and operating results, you can find a copy of it on our newly launched website at www.montageresources.com.

Today, we will spend a few minutes discussing the close of the merger between Eclipse Resources Corporation and Blue Ridge Mountain Resources that formed Montage Resources, followed by a review of the operational and financial highlights for the fourth quarter of Eclipse Resources Corporation on a stand-alone basis and then conclude with comments regarding the future of Montage Resources.

Before we start our comments, I would like to point out our disclosures regarding cautionary statements in our press release and remind you that during this call, Montage management will make forward-looking statements. Such statements are based on our current judgments regarding factors that will impact the future performance of Montage Resources and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond Montage Resources' control. Actual outcomes and results may materially differ from what is expressed, implied or forecast in such statements. Information regarding these risk factors can also be found in the Company's filings with the SEC.

In addition, during this call, we do make reference to certain non-GAAP financial measures. Reconciliation to applicable GAAP measures can be found in our earnings release. We will file our 10-K later this week, which will be accessible through our website or the SEC's EDGAR system.

I will now turn the call over to John Reinhart, our President and CEO.

John Reinhart -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Doug and thank you to everyone for participating on our call today. Before discussing the quarterly and full year 2018 stand-alone Eclipse results, I will provide a brief recap of the merger close and then I will end prepared remarks with a path forward for Montage Resources.

First, I would like to thank the teams from both Eclipse and Blue Ridge for their professional and diligent efforts in consummating the strategic transaction while remaining focused on operational execution. Through outstanding cooperation during the transition -- during the close process, Montage Resources was able to align corporate and development execution to realize accelerated merger integration benefits that facilitates delivery of the Company's 2019 plan.

As you can see from the results released after the market closed last night, Eclipse ended 2018 with strong operational execution. These results were driven by continuously improving efficiencies as well as strong commodity pricing that provided free cash flow generation during the quarter.

With a new management team assuming control of the pro forma company, a strategy shift has been initiated that is aimed at enhancing the focus on corporate, operational and financial efficiencies. The Company has set in motion a Focus Five plan, which consists of the following core principles: cash flow and returns; cost structure improvement and integration; financial and operational flexibility; portfolio optimization; and enhancing scale with disciplined growth. At our upcoming Analyst Day, we will drill down in granularity on each of these five focus areas and illustrate how these will differentiate the Company among its peers and unlocking corporate value throughout 2019 and beyond.

The development plan being executed this year is aimed toward maximizing cash flow and arresting outspend, creating and maintaining an attractive balance sheet, optimizing operational and strategic flexibility, all while unlocking the asset value of Montage Resources' high quality inventory to enhance shareholder value.

In conjunction with the closing, the Company finalized its new credit facility that facilitated a borrowing base of $375 million, which is an increase of $150 million and when coupled with the cash flow from operations, will provide ample liquidity to internally fund our planned operations in 2019 and beyond.

The Company also provided to the market a summary of the 2019 capital plan as well as guidance for both first quarter and full year 2019. Each of the guidance metrics were calibrated for January and February Eclipse Resources' stand-alone expected results and March through December of pro forma expected results when considering the close timing of the transaction between Blue Ridge and Eclipse. These high level numbers provide for a full year Montage Resources' capital spend range of $375 million to $400 million to fund a two rig development program prioritized on returns and focused on the Company's core Marcellus and Utica acreage, predominantly located in Monroe County, Ohio. Approximately 90% of the capital spend is allocated toward growth-oriented drilling and completion operations and is expected to achieve full 12-month pro forma year-over-year production growth of approximately 16% while continuing to keep the Company's leverage at the targeted level of approximately two times.

2019 production growth is back half weighted driven primarily by second half 2019 turn to sales as well as developing higher working interest wells when considering the balance of the Sequel joint venture program is expected to be completed during the first half of 2019.

The merger has brought together two talented teams with a demonstrated ability of Appalachia-focused operational execution and when combined with the strong performance of the underlying assets and attractive balance sheet, provides the foundation for value creation in the months and years ahead.

Switching back to Eclipse stand-alone company results, for the fourth quarter, I am pleased to announce that the Company has exceeded internal and consensus expectations. The Company remained highly focused on execution during the merger process, delivering results within the full year 2018 capital budget.

During the fourth quarter of 2018, our average daily production was approximately 405 million cubic feet equivalent per day while full year production was approximately 343 million cubic feet equivalent per day. More importantly, the total pre-hedge revenue was a Company record $171 million for the quarter and $515 million for the full year, a 64% and 34% increase over 2017 respectively.

These records reflect the strategic decision to focus activity toward the high quality liquids portion of the Company's portfolio of assets, which accounted for approximately 45% of our overall revenue mix for the full year 2018.

During the quarter -- during the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company drilled nine gross, 5.7 net Utica wells, which included six dry gas and three condensate wells. Additionally, in the fourth quarter, the Company completed six gross, 3.1 net dry gas Utica wells and turned to sales three gross, 0.8 net dry gas Utica wells. The Sequel joint venture activity in the fourth quarter included partner participation in two drilled dry gas wells, five completed dry gas wells and all three Utica dry gas wells that were turned to sales. The final joint venture wells are planned for turned to sales mid-year 2019.

Regarding capital spending, we continue to see reduced service pricing in the area and are expecting to achieve approximately 10% well cost reductions throughout 2019 when compared to 2018. These cost reductions are a combination of optimized well designs, operational efficiency gains as well as service cost reductions.

Moving to the Flat Castle project in Pennsylvania, the Company continues to monitor the Painter 2H well and I am pleased with the strong production results that have been achieved to date, which truly highlight the potential for this area. The well's production has continued at target rates, which is aligning with the high end of our publicly stated EUR range of 2.2 Bcf per 1,000 feet of lateral. We will continue to watch this well's performance closely in order to refine the long-term potential for this area.

As previously stated, the Company will be assessing strategic options for the Flat Castle prospect, which targets acceleration of value for this high quality acreage in the Company's portfolio. We look forward to sharing more information about the recent well results in the Flat Castle area at our upcoming Analyst Meeting.

Overall, I remain thoroughly impressed with the team's performance and their push to enhance value throughout our asset base. The Company has shown the ability to outperform during this transition period and anticipate that this will continue as the combined company moves forward.

With that, I'll turn the call over to Michael.

Michael Hodges -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thanks, John. During the fourth quarter, the Company continued to achieve strong results in almost every area of the business. Adjusted revenue, which includes settled hedges and excludes brokered revenue, was over $138 million for the fourth quarter and adjusted EBITDAX was almost $81 million during the same time period, both of which were records for the Company.

The increase in adjusted revenue for the quarter of 14% over the third quarter of 2018 was largely due to an increase in production of 17% as compared to the third quarter of 2018. During the fourth quarter, our all-in realized price was $4.25 per million cubic feet equivalent before the impact of cash settled derivatives and firm transportation.

Our natural gas price differential before transportation expense was negative $0.05 (ph) per million cubic foot compared to the average monthly Henry Hub settle price during the quarter. This strong differential was driven by the continued improvement of in-basin pricing dynamics as well as our ability to sell gas into underutilized firm transportation agreements contracted by others at prices which were at a premium to in-basin benchmarks. This strategic advantage, which we believe is a differentiator of Montage compared to its peers going forward, is something we will look to further leverage in the future, as we consider all the options available to us to achieve the highest possible gas realizations.

As the Company has brought wells online and marketed production has grown, we have quickly grown beyond the firm transportation we have under contract and we are selling incremental production in-basin at very tight differentials, resulting in outstanding netbacks.

Moving to operating costs, we achieved a decrease in fourth quarter per unit operating expenses versus third quarter numbers due to our growing scale while at the same time experiencing the benefit of better pricing at the Gulf Coast and at the Dawn Hub, where our Rover production is flowing.

The per unit cash production costs for the fourth quarter were $1.34 per million cubic foot equivalent, which included $0.40 per million cubic feet equivalent in firm transportation expense while cash production costs averaged $1.41 for the full year of 2019 (ph). On the liquid side, we realized a $22.40 per barrel NGL price equating to 37% of WTI while the full year 2018 equated to $24.59 or 38% of WTI.

Moving forward, and as we outlined in our recent guidance release, we have begun utilizing our Mariner East II capacity during the first quarter of 2019. This capacity, coupled with the sales volumes from Blue Ridge that are sold at strong netbacks to Mont Belvieu prices and without ethane recovery, should allow us to realize NGL pricing in the range of 40% to 50% of WTI for 2019 as opposed to the 38% realized in 2018.

While the incremental impact to our bottom line cash flows from the volumes delivered on Mariner East II and from the Blue Ridge barrels is positive, the transportation cost on Mariner East II does come with an incremental $0.08 to $0.10 of added per unit production cost for the full year 2019 as was noted in our 2019 guidance release issued previously.

Our realized oil price during the fourth quarter of $53.10 per barrel implies a negative $6.87 differential to WTI, which is inclusive of all transportation expenses. For the fourth quarter, our $45.8 million of capital expenditures consisted predominantly of $41.3 million in drilling and completion capital and $4.2 million in land and related capital. These figures also include capital reimbursements that relate to our drilling joint venture with Sequel.

Finally, and most importantly, I would like to turn my comments to the balance sheet where our outstanding operating performance generated substantial EBITDAX that allowed us to end 2018 with a debt to trailing 12-month of EBITDAX ratio of 2.1 times and with almost $172 million of liquidity, all before considering the borrowing base increase to $375 million that John mentioned in his opening remarks.

When taking into consideration the borrowing base increase, a reduction in our letters of credit previously noted in the guidance press release last week and borrowing subsequent to year-end, our initial borrowing capacity for Montage Resources at close was $264 million, more than sufficient to fund our development plan for the foreseeable future.

As we consider our current liquidity position and our capital plans, we're comfortable that Montage remains well-positioned to fund its drilling program with cash flow from operations and our revolver while generating an attractive level of production and cash flow growth. This revolver will provide the base funding for the Company's combined growth in 2019 as we target becoming cash flow neutral by the end of the year.

From a leverage perspective, our financial condition is further enhanced by the consummation of the merger with Blue Ridge as we have added significant cash flows to the business while assuming no net debt at close. In fact, pro forma for the payoff of the Blue Ridge term loan at closing, Montage added approximately $13 million (ph) of cash.

As John mentioned, we project to end 2019 with a leverage ratio of approximately two times and we will be positioned with many financial options as we look to 2020 and beyond.

On that note, I will turn the call back over to John, who will wrap up the prepared remarks.

John Reinhart -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Michael. I would like to briefly conclude the prepared remarks this morning with a recap of the Company's strategic shift in focus areas moving forward. We have refined the 2019 business plan to significantly reduce cycle times, enhance cash turns and cash flows, and maximize return on capital all while continuing to grow production in order to achieve enhanced scale.

This scale brings with it attractive operating margins and an improved cost structure, which is based upon a foundation of low risk, repeatable drilling program. For 2019, that two rig program will be internally funded from cash flows and the revolver with over 90% of the CapEx being focused on the drill bit to provide maximum capital efficiency.

The experience, innovation and achievements of the combined operating teams will allow us to deploy this plan effectively. With a portfolio of assets that gives the Company equal exposure to oil and gas as well as balanced midstream and downstream commitments, that will provide price diversification through in-basin and out of basin commodity sales, we have maintained the optionality in our planned well mix to maximize revenues and make true economic development decisions that are not driven by the need to fill transportation commitments or the need for HBP drilling. We believe that this optimized plan delivers repeatable, high rate of return wells, which will create long-term values for shareholders.

We thank everyone for joining us today. This concludes our prepared remarks. Operator, please open the line for questions.

Questions and Answers:

Operator

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, we will now be conducting our Q&A session. (Operator Instructions) Our first question comes in the line of Arun Jayaram from JPMorgan. You are now live.

Arun Jayaram -- JP Morgan -- Analyst

Good morning, gentlemen. I was wondering if you could give us a bit more of a flavor on your 2019 program, two rigs, maybe some details on the split between the Utica and Marcellus and perhaps I know in 2018, you completed just under 18 net wells for $224 million of D&C, which is around $12.7 million a well. In '19, I think you've guided to just around $400 million in CapEx. I was wondering if you can give us some details on the D&C portion of that total plus how many net wells you expect in '19.

John Reinhart -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes, sure. This is John. I'll start with highlighting with regards to the capital allocation program. We're looking at allocating approximately 25% to the outstanding acreage in Ohio for the Marcellus development. What we've seen with these first two initial wells were really great results from the prior Eclipse releases and there is currently infrastructure that we're going to take advantage of with regards to midstream buildouts and pads that exist. So this really creates a very attractive returns focus for us and certainly the liquids portion helps enhance the value of this.

So outside of that, if you look more granularly, there is another 25% of the CapEx budget that's geared toward the Utica condensate window and then lastly, about half of the CapEx on the D&C side is really geared toward our core acreage in Southern Monroe in the dry gas area. So that gives you an overall kind of split between where the capital is being allocated between the Utica and the Marcellus for 2019.

With regards to the service cost and well cost moving forward, what I can tell you is you can -- we'll share more of this in the Analyst Day, but we've seen outstanding results with regards to service cost improvements over the last quarter and certainly as recently as last week with some increased pricing coming in, we feel extremely positive about 2019 drilling CapEx reductions of approximately 10% per well whenever you compare 2019 type curve expectations to 2018.

Now, whenever you stop and take a look at that, you can think about a Utica Dry Gas well being on the order of magnitude from a gross perspective of about $950 per foot of lateral to $975 per foot of lateral and you can think about that Marcellus in that range of about $750 per foot of lateral to $775 per foot of lateral. So service cost continued to go down, but it's not only just the cost, just as a reminder, it's very specifically well designs that are being optimized for more full development in an engineered approach and it's also efficiencies that we're realizing with regards to taking these longer laterals which were truly a technological innovation that the Company had before, but now, we're actually taking these down to more industry averages of 12,000 feet, which is actually at the top-end of the average range and what you're finding is the efficiencies that we're gaining with regards to the operational improvements with things like using one VHA (ph) run in the lateral and just various other efficiencies you gain by just taking the laterals down, we're seeing substantial reductions based on those factors as well. So overall, a 10% plus reduction in our well cost for 2019 that's going to lead to further efficiencies with regards to the spend.

Arun Jayaram -- JP Morgan -- Analyst

Okay and just do you have a count for the net wells for the 2019 program for our modeling?

Matt Rucker -- Executive Vice President, Resource Planning & Development

Yes. This is Matt. We'll be spudding approximately 30 to 32 net wells for the year.

Arun Jayaram -- JP Morgan -- Analyst

Okay and just my follow-up question here, as you think about the cash production cost, you had a good quarter $1.34, which is quite a bit below us (ph) for the quarter. Next -- or this year you've guided call it to $1.60 at the midpoint, but it seems like some of the increases the ME2 (ph) cost, I was just wondering if you can just walk us through the $1.34 you did in 4Q relative to the $1.55 to $1.65 guide for cash production cost?

Michael Hodges -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, Arun, this is Michael. I'll take that question. It's a good question. So I think if you look at the $1.34 and then you try and bridge that up to the guidance that we've given, there's a few different factors. You mentioned the ME2 cost, so as we move out into 2019, we're going to pick up call it $0.08 to $0.10, as I mentioned in my remarks related to the ME2. I think there's also some workover cost in our numbers as we go out into 2019 that bump us up just a little bit.

And then lastly, the main factor there is that we've got some firm transportation that was only in a partial year last year and then with respect to the fourth quarter, we had certainly a flush amount of production for that firm transportation. So, when you combine all those things together, you get that uptick call it from the $1.34 up into the midpoint. I think we're optimistic that we have a chance to be at the lower-end of that range, but we certainly want it to be kind of prudent in the way that we guided the market with this new ME2 space that we're taking on and some of the other things that we've got going. So, I think we're hopeful to be at the lower-end of that, but certainly feel like the right thing to do is to give it a little bit of a broader range to start out.

Arun Jayaram -- JP Morgan -- Analyst

Okay, thanks a lot.

Michael Hodges -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Ron Mills from Johnson Rice and Company. You are now live.

Ron Mills -- Johnson Rice and Company -- Analyst

Good morning, guys. John, I think -- you started to reference this at least part of this question to Arun's question, but when you came out with the budget, you talked about the move to shorter laterals of just under 12,000 feet and also to smaller pads. So wondering if you could expand a little bit further on what you started to say on the earlier answer about the -- basis behind that and in terms of what -- how much improvement in capital efficiency and cycle times are you expecting that to provide? And is that's what's really helping drive the free cash flow by year-end.

John Reinhart -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes, sure Ron. Happy to answer that, it's a great question. I think this really points back to one of our Focus Five points on cash flows and returns. As we look at the development first of all from 2018 to 2019, what you're realizing is a program is approximately 42 plus or minus days reduction in total cycle times and what I mean about cycle times is from the moment you actually start your CapEx spend to the moment you get revenue in the door from these wells and 42 days is a substantial reduction.

Now, what drives that quite frankly is the lateral length and the cycle times associated with it. That goes along as well with the drilling component and the completion component with these longer laterals. So our intent is to take the cycle time, crunch it down to get increased cash turns, which allows us to accelerate the cash indoor and allows us to actually achieve free cash flow moving forward toward the end of '19 as we've publicly communicated.

These lateral lengths as you think about it, this is all geared around focusing the core of the 2019 development in a low-risk area with repeatable results because it's very important for us as we come out right out of the gate with a merger to deliver results. So, focusing in on this core delineated area with a development plan that actually shrinks cycle times by 40 days to 45 days, it also allows us from our initial well per pad, if you think about another key factor that rolls into that efficiency gain, whenever we talk about four to five or three to four wells per pad initially, we're not saying that the full pad is limited to that.

What we're doing is and we'll talk about this more in the Analyst Day is we're going to be actually completing and drilling the northern or the southern respectively rows of these Uticas out on the pads. So we'll drill them out. Now the impact to that actually is you can refine and not drill five to six initial wells initially. You can drill four wells so for a pad that would hold a total of eight and I think whenever you look at the cycle time improvements from drilling six to three or four, that dramatically decreases the time drilling and completing these wells as well as the production facilities.

So all that said, it's a function of actually taking lateral length, increasing cash turns, reducing the actual cycle times, getting revenue in the door and improving cash terms, all of which actually helps the discounted return on capital that we're employing and helps actually facilitate free cash flow generation.

Arun Jayaram -- JP Morgan -- Analyst

Thank you for that. And then my follow up or second question, you talked about the Flat Castle performance continues to kind of point toward the higher end from an EUR per thousand foot standpoint, but also trying to reconcile that with the comment in your capital outlook about assessing multiple options related to Flat Castle in terms of how to enhance value there? It didn't sound like you really have any plans to drill there in '19. So curious for more color in terms of what you meant by assessing multiple options for value creation there?

John Reinhart -- President and Chief Executive Officer

No, absolutely, happy to comment on it. I'll start out by saying that we are extremely pleased with the well results from this Painter 2H well as well as some offsetting wells from the industry up there, which is significantly delineated the area. So publicly, the Company has previously stated a range of approximately 2 to 2.2 Bcf per thousand feet. Where the well is trending is certainly toward the higher end of that. We're going to continue to monitor the well over the next two or three months, whenever it reaches boundary flow and we can put a particular EUR on it to be able to refine that, but it's certainly very positive, it's attractive and it actually is starting to compete for the capital allocation when compared to our Ohio Marcellus and our Ohio Utica dry gas wells.

Now having said that, it's a great problem to have, to have an overabundance of high quality acreage that has high EUR per foot and high returns. So as we step back and look at it with our -- but be very mindful on cash flow generation and not stressing the balance sheet. We're also very sensitive to the fact that we're carrying an asset on the books. It's really not we're realizing any value from the market's perspective in the stock price. So options to actually accelerate value is what's being considered. Now, these strategic options could be anywhere across the board that could actually accelerate and bring and monetize this asset, but I'll give you an example of a particular one that's of interest to us.

We are assessing and tossing around the idea of bringing on a working interest partner in the area and this working interest partner, if you think about the benefits of one doing that, you would basically sell down a portion of your working interest, but those funds could go directly to funding the D&C from a Montage aspect moving forward, thereby without putting any new capital outlay, you would actually start developing, producing reserve value and increase carry value of that asset.

Now, that's just one example of an option that we're going to be looking at and assessing. Obviously, we're going to consider all options that are presented to us and that we explore, but that's just a really good example Ron of how we're thinking about accelerating value with maintaining balance sheet strength, maintaining capital discipline, but still yet focusing on our portfolio to enhance the value of our carried assets.

Ron Mills -- Johnson Rice and Company -- Analyst

Great and thank you and congratulations on getting the deal done.

John Reinhart -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Ron.

Operator

Thank you. (Operator Instructions) Our next question comes from the line of Stark Remeny from RBC Capital Markets. You are now live.

Stark Remeny -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Hey guys, congrats on the solid quarter. I guess my question on Flat Castle, kind of got answered, but I'm curious if you guys can maybe talk around what the opportunity set or how you view the strategic portfolio optimization in terms of maybe either non-core or lower tier assets outside of Flat Castle. So is there anything that was acquired from Blue Ridge that or maybe some legacy Eclipse acreage that you view as maybe Tier 3 outside of the Monroe County focus area for this year?

John Reinhart -- President and Chief Executive Officer

It's a great -- this is John. It's a great question Stark. What I would comment on is just kind of give you a little bit of history of the management team here is we have a proven track record and we can certainly talk about this more on the Analyst Day. Over the last year and half, this management team has transacted won (ph) over '18 individual transactions and actually accelerated cash in the door to the tune of about $175 million and these are all related to more non-core assets and partnerships that we've achieved over the last two years to bring Blue Ridge to the point where it was as an attractive partner for the Eclipse combination.

I would say that when we step back and look at it, the Company has about 22 years of inventory as we look at a two rig program moving forward and whenever we step back and assess, I would say that any opportunity that the Company has with regards to accelerating or enhancing value of that inventory to the Company, we're going to be very open and mindful of assessing. So, this is something that we are all very keen and we stay very focused on historically and we'll continue to do that with regards to how we manage Montage.

So the answer is yes, there will be opportunities where acreage or a particular area won't warrant capital over the next three to five to seven to 10 years and it's certainly well within our purview and it's important for us to consider how we can take actions to accelerate value of that acreage for the Company.

Stark Remeny -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Okay. Excellent. Excellent and then just one kind of quick clarification on the well cost savings. You guys mentioned 10% per well. Can you maybe give some color on how that breaks down in terms of savings from lateral savings from service cost reductions et cetera?

John Reinhart -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes and I'm happy to hit that at a high level and we'll certainly hit at a lot more detail at the Analyst Day coming up and Oleg will speak to that in very deep -- in a lot of great detail then, but if you think about it overall, where we're really focused on, we're going to take advantage of price reductions, price softening anytime they come, but if you really at least how view it, if you really want long term cost reductions, that's where the efficiencies come into play and the well designs come into play. So, if I were to put a high level number on it, I would probably say somewhere in that 60%-ish to 65%-ish is going to be geared more toward efficiencies and engineered well designs with 35% at more near-term price reductions be price driven.

And I would say that we feel very confident in that 10% cost reduction moving forward. This is a great execution team and what we're really focused on is concentrating on efforts to reduce long-term capital requirements and well cost and not just be at the whim of any kind of market sensitivities with regards to pricing.

Stark Remeny -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Excellent. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, we have no further questions in queue at this time. I'd like to turn the floor back over to management for closing.

Douglas Kris -- Head of Investor Relations

We'd just like to thank everyone for joining our call today and look forward to seeing everyone next week on Wednesday, the 20th in Houston at our Analyst Day. Have a great day.

Operator

Thank you, ladies and gentlemen. This does conclude our teleconference for today. You may now disconnect your line at this time. Thank you for your participation and have a wonderful day.

Duration: 39 minutes

Call participants:

Douglas Kris -- Head of Investor Relations

John Reinhart -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Michael Hodges -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Arun Jayaram -- JP Morgan -- Analyst

Matt Rucker -- Executive Vice President, Resource Planning & Development

Ron Mills -- Johnson Rice and Company -- Analyst

Stark Remeny -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

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Thursday, March 14, 2019

FDA to Crack Down on Teen Vaping With Flavored E-Cigarette Restriction

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) plans on restricting teen use of flavored e-cigarette products with the hopes of curbing vaping for people under the age of 18.

Teen VapingTeen VapingAgency commissioner Dr. Scott Gottlieb is nearing the end of his tenure, and he plans on finishing it with this plan, which has the opportunity of reducing how much vaping occurs among teenagers. The FDA has unveiled a proposal that would require stores to place flavored e-cigarettes in areas that are off limits to anyone who is under the age of 18.

The move applies to everyone from retailers to gas stations and convenience stores, as they will also be required to verify the age of the customer. “Evidence shows that youth are especially attracted to flavored e-cigarette products,” Dr. Gottlieb said in a statement, “and that minors are able to access these products from both brick-and-mortar retailers as well as online, despite federal restrictions on sales to anyone under 18.”

There are now more than 3.6 million middle and high school students saying they vaped last year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which launched a study on the matter. While teenage smoking is lower than its been in decades, vaping has increased, which may lead to young people eventually taking over traditional tobacco products.

It remains to be seen if the FDA’s move will curb teen vaping in the future.

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Wednesday, March 13, 2019

Shareholders Take a Stand Against Private Prisons

&l;p&g;&l;img class=&q;size-full wp-image-261&q; src=&q;http://blogs-images.forbes.com/morgansimon/files/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-11-at-5.02.03-PM.jpg?width=960&q; alt=&q;&q; data-height=&q;442&q; data-width=&q;779&q;&g; From the 2019 Proxy Resolutions and Voting Guide

&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;As explored in &l;/span&g;&l;a href=&q;https://www.forbes.com/sites/morgansimon/2019/03/05/jpmorgan-chase-is-done-with-private-prisons/&q;&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;JPMorgan Chase is Done With Private Prisons&l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;, hundreds of #FamiliesBelongTogether activists and grassroots organizations in cities across the country &l;/span&g;&l;a href=&q;https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2019/2/26/1836935/-Activists-demand-Wall-Street-banks-break-up-with-private-prisons-in-national-Valentine-s-Day-protest?detail=facebook&q; target=&q;_blank&q;&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;took to the streets &l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;&a;mdash; or rather, the banks &a;mdash; this past Valentine&a;rsquo;s Day to let banks &l;/span&g;&l;a href=&q;https://www.forbes.com/sites/morgansimon/2018/09/25/what-do-big-banks-have-to-do-with-family-detention-familiesbelongtogether-explains/&q;&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;profiting from mass incarceration and immigrant detention&l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g; know that it&a;rsquo;s time to &a;ldquo;break up&a;rdquo; with the private prison industry and &a;ldquo;show love&a;rdquo; to communities instead. JPMorgan&a;rsquo;s announcement last week to stop funding was indeed a taste of victory for all those involved.&l;/span&g;

&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;Behind the scenes, a quieter, complimentary fight has also been in the works to push the needle on redefining corporate responsibility. Shareholders filed a monumental resolution this past December to get a broad message across to the market: stop funding things deemed at risk for human rights violations as a result of government contracts supporting President Trump&a;rsquo;s &a;ldquo;zero-tolerance&a;rdquo; immigration policies. This interview with Nadira Narine, Senior Program Director of Strategic Initiatives at &l;/span&g;&l;a href=&q;https://www.iccr.org/about-iccr&q; target=&q;_blank&q;&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility&l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;, discusses the strategy of this growing fight.&l;/span&g;

&a;nbsp;

&l;b&g;Nadira, what&a;rsquo;s the scope of this problem as it relates to the biggest private prisons operators &a;mdash; GEO Group and CoreCivic?&l;/b&g;

&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;For-profit private prisons engaged in immigrant detention, including of families with children, are perhaps most directly linked to actual or potential human rights impacts . In a 2018, the Department of Homeland Security&a;rsquo;s Office of Inspector General reported &a;lsquo;&l;/span&g;&l;a href=&q;https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/03/01/inspection-finds-ice-detainee-conditions-endanger-health-safety/&q; target=&q;_blank&q;&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;serious issues relating to safety, detainee rights, and medical care&l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;&a;rsquo; at a GEO Group-owned and operated immigration detention center in Adelanto, California.&l;/span&g;

&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;CoreCivic has faced and now faces many lawsuits alleging that it has violated the human rights of inmates and detainees. For example, one group of current cases alleges the use of &l;/span&g;&l;a href=&q;https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/29/opinion/forced-labor-immigrants.html&q; target=&q;_blank&q;&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;forced labor &l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;at CoreCivic immigration detention facilities; another group claims that CoreCivic failed to provide inmates with needed &l;/span&g;&l;a href=&q;http://www.diabetes.org/assets/pdfs/living/know-your-rights/second-amended-complaint-corecivic.pdf&q; target=&q;_blank&q;&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;medical care&l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;.

&l;/span&g;

&a;nbsp;

&l;b&g;And it&a;rsquo;s not just private prison operators. ICCR also addressed tech companies like Amazon (that sell facial recognition technology to government agencies including ICE and state law enforcement), defense contractors like Northrop Grumman, and financial services, like the big banks #FamiliesBelongTogether activists target.&l;/b&g;

&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;Investors have initiated engagements with corporations in response to growing concerns about the role they may play in the implementation of the Administration&a;rsquo;s immigration policy &a;mdash; which has led to the separation of minor children from parents entering the United States, an increase in immigrant detention, and heightened surveillance activities. &a;nbsp;Investors are concerned that companies supporting this policy through contracts for their products and services may be contributing to human rights violations against immigrant families and children that expose them to multiple risks including reputational risks and the inability to attract and retain talent. This led to shareholders to &l;/span&g;&l;a href=&q;https://www.iccr.org/corporate-support-trumps-zero-tolerance-immigration-policy-prompts-shareholder-resolutions-2019&q; target=&q;_blank&q;&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;file a proposal&l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;, seeking to &a;lsquo;learn how GEO Group ensures that its employees are aware of, and know how to apply, the company&a;rsquo;s commitment to inmate/detainee human rights and how to remedy any shortcomings in human rights performance.&a;rsquo; &a;nbsp;&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;

&l;b&g;For those who may not be familiar, what is a shareholder resolution?&l;/b&g;

&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;Shareholder resolutions are proposals that either request more information in the form of reports, or governance changes such as the adoption of a new policies and bylaws that are then voted on by all shareholders at the company&a;rsquo;s annual general meeting. Every year beginning roughly in March, American corporations begin sending out proxy statements to their shareholders. Proxy statements list all the resolutions scheduled for a vote at a company&a;rsquo;s upcoming shareholder meeting, both those proposed by management, and those proposed by shareholders. Roughly one page in length, these resolutions contain a formal resolved clause, which is a specific request or &a;ldquo;ask&a;rdquo;, with a number of carefully-researched rationales in the form of &a;ldquo;whereas clauses&a;rdquo; as supporting statements.&l;/span&g;

&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;Shareholders are part-owners of companies, and as such they have the right to vote on all resolutions. For this reason, resolutions can be an effective lever for catalyzing positive change within a corporation.&l;/span&g;

&a;nbsp;

&l;b&g;What has historically been the role of shareholders in social change?&l;/b&g;

Currently celebrating our 48th&a;nbsp;year, the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility pioneered the use of shareholder advocacy to press companies on environmental, social, and governance issues. Our coalition of over 300 global institutional investors currently represents more than $400 billion in managed assets. Leveraging their equity ownership in some of the world&a;rsquo;s largest and most powerful companies, ICCR members regularly engage management to identify and mitigate social and environmental risks resulting from corporate operations and policies.

&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;While ICCR members never shy away from making the moral case for action, our fundamental proposition as investors is that responsible and sustainable business practices &a;mdash; and a strong corporate culture of ethics &a;mdash; are in the long-term interest of both companies and investors. Examples of &l;/span&g;&l;a href=&q;https://www.iccr.org/funding-campaign-page&q; target=&q;_blank&q;&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;ICCR member initiatives&l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g; include calling for increased due diligence to&a;nbsp;eliminate forced labor risks in global supply chains, curbing GHG emissions&a;nbsp;to align with the 2&a;deg; warming scenario established in the Paris Climate Agreement, pressing for more sustainable food systems, improved corporate water stewardship policies&a;nbsp;and&a;nbsp;more affordable and accessible health care&a;nbsp;and&a;nbsp;financial services. We are committed to moving the current business focus away from achieving short-term returns and towards sustainable strategies that advance the common good.&l;/span&g;

&a;nbsp;

&l;b&g;What resolutions did ICCR file this year with respect to family detention, and why?&l;/b&g;

&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;This proxy season, engagements focused on the technology, defense, and private prisons companies that contract with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP), as well as the banks that finance private prisons. Engagements address the companies&a;rsquo; human rights risk management systems and encourage implementation of robust human rights due diligence aligned with the &l;/span&g;&l;a href=&q;https://www.ohchr.org/documents/publications/GuidingprinciplesBusinesshr_eN.pdf&q; target=&q;_blank&q;&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights&l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g; to assess, identify, prevent, and mitigate adverse impacts to the rights of immigrants and refugees.&l;/span&g;

&l;b&g;Recently, Chase announced its stopping all financing to private prisons, a historic victory in the world of corporate accountability. What&s;s your sense of the significance of this announcement, and what did ICCR and other shareholder advocates learn in the process?&l;/b&g;

&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;ICCR members and shareholders in JPMC who have been engaging with the bank for over one year on its potential contributions to human rights impacts via investments in private prisons are gratified by the public announcement that the bank will no longer underwrite the industry.&l;/span&g;

&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;Providing capital to private prisons enables them to grow and thrive. We recognize that as a main financier of the industry, JPMC was benefiting financially from harm caused to detainees and immigrant communities. As a result, our ongoing engagement has called for the bank to conduct enhanced human rights due diligence, to assess the human rights risks and use its leverage to influence the companies it is lending to.&l;/span&g;

&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;Investors began raising concerns about JPMC&a;rsquo;s financing of private correctional REITs (often referred to as private prison companies) as early as October 2017, citing human rights risks due to the growing numbers of government contracts to detain immigrants amid the current administration&a;rsquo;s &a;ldquo;zero tolerance&a;rdquo; immigration policy. In an October 2017 &l;/span&g;&l;a href=&q;https://www.iccr.org/sites/default/files/page_attachments/october_17_-_final.pdf&q; target=&q;_blank&q;&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;letter to Jamie Dimon&l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g; a group of nearly 100 institutions holding $27 billion shares wrote: &l;/span&g;

&l;/p&g;&l;blockquote&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;These private prisons are rife with alleged human rights abuses, as noted in recent reports and lawsuits, including inmate deaths, poor medical care, allegations of physical and sexual abuse of detainees and violence. Some of these risks are heightened due to the nature of the &l;/span&g;&l;a href=&q;https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/07/07/us-deaths-immigration-detention&q; target=&q;_blank&q;&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;business model and practices &l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;of the private prison companies including crowded conditions, less programming for inmates and detainees than public facilities, low staff salaries, poor staff retention, lack of training on human rights and inadequate staffing. Already this year, there have been &l;/span&g;&l;a href=&q;https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/22-immigrants-died-ice-detention-centers-during-past-2-years-n954781&q; target=&q;_blank&q;&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;seven documented deaths of immigrant detainees in these facilities&l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;.&l;/span&g;&l;/blockquote&g;

&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;For us, in the same way responsible investors must consider the environmental and social impacts of their portfolios, so must financial institutions scrutinize their investments to ensure they are not causing or contributing to adverse human rights impacts. If a company cannot execute the enhanced human rights due diligence necessary to vouchsafe that these relationships don&a;rsquo;t present risks, then they must extricate themselves from these investments; we are gratified to see JPMC do just that and look forward to more disclosure on the way JPMC is cutting ties with private prisons to make this important statement have an impact on the underlying companies. &l;/span&g;

&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;Further, we hope other banks will follow their lead. For several years ICCR members continued to urge Wells Fargo to reevaluate its investments in private prisons and thankfully it has committed to refrain from marketing to or launching any new investments in the industry. There may, however, be other financial relationships between Wells Fargo and the prisons, including lines of credit, bonds or money they manage for clients; the next step for Wells Fargo will be to examine and end all ties to the private prisons because of the risks to their portfolios and communities. &l;/span&g;

&l;b&g;From the world of shareholder resolution filing to grassroots organizing, the issue of corporate responsibility is one that will continue to draw public pressure from multiple sectors concerned with fundamental human rights. The question now is this: which companies are truly ready to listen to both activists and shareholders to become a part of the solution &a;mdash; instead of a part of the problem?&l;/b&g;

&l;i&g;&l;span style=&q;font-weight: 400&q;&g;In full disclosure, the author&a;rsquo;s firm, Candide Group, and its project Real Money Moves, are members of the #FamiliesBelongTogether coalition referenced in this piece. &l;/span&g;&l;/i&g;